Rustam Makhmudov’s article, presented at the international scientific and practical conference on The Politics of Unity in Central Asia: Uzbekistan’s Role in Ensuring Stability in the Region, offers a comprehensive analysis of the evolution of Tashkent’s course in Central Asia. The author identifies three key stages: the first (2016–2020) – the launch of large-scale reforms and active rapprochement with neighboring countries through increased trade, tourism and cultural exchanges, as well as the establishment of a format for consultative meetings between the heads of state of the region; the second (2020–2023) – overcoming the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, when Uzbekistan provided humanitarian aid and restored economic ties, while maintaining a proactive policy in Central Asia; and the third stage, which began in recent years, is characterized by deepening transport and economic cooperation, the opening of the Afghan market and the integration of resources into regional supply chains.
In the second part of the article, Makhmudov analyses the macro-factors that determine the challenges and opportunities for the new phase of regional policy. Global geopolitical transformation is leading to a transition from a bipolar to a non-polar world, where major powers are forced to build situational alliances, creating security challenges in Central Asia. Technological rivalry between the United States and China in the fields of AI and quantum technologies exacerbates the need for a common regional strategy for training personnel and developing an innovative economy. The philosophy of growthism and consumer society conflicts with the region’s climate constraints, especially in the context of water scarcity, which requires a rethinking of the green growth paradigm for sustainable development. Finally, strengthening the pan-regional identity requires a shift from a discourse of cultural and historical unity to the formation of bottom-up integration ideas capable of uniting young people and experts throughout Central Asia.
The author emphasizes that an adequate and timely response to these challenges creates the conditions for a transition from multilateral cooperation to full-fledged regional integration. Thanks to Tashkent’s proactive line and pragmatic approach based on maximizing the dividends from joint projects, Uzbekistan is capable of acting as a locomotive for sustainable cooperation, providing a safe haven in the raging global sea. This strategic vector not only strengthens political and economic stability in Central Asia, but also sets new benchmarks for integration processes that meet the realities of the 21st century.
* The Institute for Advanced International Studies (IAIS) does not take institutional positions on any issues; the views represented herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the IAIS.
