This policy brief, co-authored by Aziza Mukhammedova, Jalal Ud Din Kakar, and Zil E Huma, examines Pakistan’s long-standing reliance on militant proxies in Afghanistan through the lens of the “boomerang effect” – the idea that short-sighted strategic choices eventually return to undermine the security of the state that made them. Taking the Durand Line as both a geographic and symbolic starting point, the authors trace how this u
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