Another interview published on the Paradigma.uz platform discussed the likelihood of further escalation of the Kashmir conflict against the backdrop of successive regional wars in the 20s of the 21st century. First the large-scale war between Russia and Ukraine and then the conflicts between Israel and Gaza have severely tested the international security architecture.   Now the problem of Kashmir, which has remained unresolved for almost a century, is once again coming to the center of attention of world politics. IAIS experts Islomkhon Gafarov and Hamza Boltaev shared their views in an interview.   During the interview, Islomkhon Gafarov expressed his opinion: “Today, much in the world is decided by force, not by law. The democratic bloc is on India's side in this regard”.   Hamza Boltaev, taking into account the balance of power in the region, military and economic factors, emphasized that any armed conflict started in South Asia poses a direct threat to the security of Central Asia.   * The Institute for Advanced International Studies (IAIS) does not take institutional positions on any issues; the views represented herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the IAIS.

A regular podcast dedicated to current integration processes and prospects for regional cooperation in Central Asia has been aired. Nargiza Umarova, Senior Research Fellow at IAIS, took part in this program as a guest. With her sectoral experience and analyses, she provided the listeners with an in-depth picture of the current state of integration in Central Asia and its political-economic aspects.   During the podcast, in conversations with experts and specialists, the issue of integration went beyond romantic historical views and was analyzed in the context of concrete geopolitical and economic realities. In particular, not only the current state but also the frozen stages of Central Asian integration were discussed in the first minutes, and the causes and consequences of this process were covered in detail.   The conversation also touched upon Azerbaijan’s regional economic interests, the political situation in Afghanistan and ties with the Taliban. In particular, negotiations with Afghanistan on water resources and the strategic importance of future infrastructure projects for Central Asian countries were analyzed.   The podcast also offered important insights on the issue of transport corridors, especially Uzbekistan’s logistical potential in the region. According to experts, Uzbekistan’s geostrategic position makes it a central player in transnational transport systems.   At the end of the program, Nargiza Umarova and other experts expressed their general conclusions about political will, harmony of economic interests and influence of external forces necessary for integration processes.   * The Institute for Advanced International Studies (IAIS) does not take institutional positions on any issues; the views represented herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the IAIS.

In the current geopolitical environment, the Afghan issue is once again at the center of attention of the international community. Political views on how to interpret this state, its place and role are becoming increasingly complex. The international community is endeavoring to form new information and political standards with regard to Afghanistan.   These were the pressing issues discussed in the next edition of the CPR Talks series organized by the Centre for Progressive Reform. The guest speaker was Dr. Islomkhon Gafarov, who shared his in-depth analysis of Afghanistan-Central Asia relations, prospects for cooperation and regional security issues.   The conversation comprehensively analyzed the internal transformations in Afghanistan, the strategic approach of the regional countries towards this country, the prospects of transit and economic projects, as well as diplomatic and security aspects. The expert emphasized that the key to sustainable development is not the isolation of Afghanistan, but its involvement in the regional economic system.   * The Institute for Advanced International Studies (IAIS) does not take institutional positions on any issues; the views represented herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the IAIS.

In an interview devoted to an in-depth analysis of international relations and geopolitical threats, Hamza Boltaev, Head of the Centre for Afghanistan and South Asian Studies at IAIS, offered important insights into the sources of tension in the region. The interview also analysed the relevance of the Kashmir issue, Afghanistan's direct and indirect links to the process and the risks arising from the backdrop of tensions around Iran.   Hamza Boltaev emphasised that the historical contradictions between Pakistan and India, especially the Kashmir conflict, still upset the balance of security in Central and South Asia today. The fact that both sides possess nuclear weapons increases the risk of the conflict escalating into a direct military clash.   Particular attention was paid to China’s role in the region. China has for many years maintained a close strategic partnership with Pakistan, known as the ‘iron brotherhood’. These ties take the form of military-technical co-operation and diplomatic support. With India, on the other hand, China has a complex relationship, mainly in the context of border disputes, trade conflicts and competition for regional leadership. For this reason, China is close to Pakistan's position on the Kashmir issue and criticises India’s actions in the region. This directly affects the balance of geopolitical power in the region.   Geopolitical tensions around Iran were also emphasised in the interview. Deteriorating relations with the West, military clashes in the Middle East, as well as Tehran’s military potential may aggravate other conflicts in the region. According to the expert, the instability around Iran makes it necessary to consider the geopolitical balance for Pakistan and India. In particular, Pakistan’s neighbourhood with Iran makes it an indirect participant in these conflicts.   In the interview, Hamza Boltaev noted that the approach of major powers to this conflict and regional controversies is based on different interests, strategies and historical ties. This shows that any tension around Kashmir could turn into an arena of global geopolitical competition, not just regional.   * The Institute for Advanced International Studies (IAIS) does not take institutional positions on any issues; the views represented herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the IAIS.

A detailed interview with Nargiza Umarova has been published on the website of the Azerbaijan State News Agency AZERTAC, which provides a detailed coverage of current trends in the development of transport and logistics links between Central Asia and the South Caucasus, including the role of Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan and other regional players in the emerging Middle Corridor.   The interview pays special attention to the importance of the Trans-Caspian International Transport Route (TITR), as well as the prospects of the Zangezur Corridor, an initiative that Umarova emphasises is supported by all Central Asian countries. With limited access to the sea for states like Uzbekistan, these routes become not just infrastructure projects, but tools for strategic autonomy, increasing export competitiveness and access to global markets.   The interview also reveals Uzbekistan's role in diversifying transport flows, including the development of the Trans-Afghan corridor to Pakistani Indian Ocean ports. Umarova emphasises that these routes not only strengthen regional connectivity, but also create preconditions for a new model of Eurasian integration encompassing Central and South Asia, the South Caucasus and Europe.   In conclusion, Nargiza Umarova emphasises the importance of energy and logistics initiatives such as the CASCA+ multimodal corridor and the development of port infrastructure in the Caspian Sea. In her opinion, these projects form the foundation for sustainable economic interaction and a new level of partnership between the regions.   Read the interview on AZERTAC   * The Institute for Advanced International Studies (IAIS) does not take institutional positions on any issues; the views represented herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the IAIS.

Nargiza Umarova, Senior Research Fellow at IAIS, took part in the edition of the programme Central Asian Dream on the YouTube platform Questioning Regional Affairs of the Al-Farabi Kazakh National University. A distinctive feature of the programme was that the discussion was held in the native languages of the participants – Kazakh and Uzbek. This gesture emphasises the common cultural and linguistic foundation of the peoples of Central Asia and symbolises the growth of mutual understanding and solidarity in the region.   During the conversation, the experts discussed in depth the development of regional co-operation in Central Asia. One of the central themes was the understanding and strengthening of the concept of “Central Asian spirit” – an idea that unites the countries of the region on the basis of common historical, cultural and civilisational roots. It was emphasised that the formation of a unified regional identity is an important condition for the successful promotion of Central Asian interests on the world stage.   In addition, the programme participants drew attention to the strategic goals of the countries of the region aimed at strengthening the position of Central Asia in global politics and economy. A special place in the discussion was given to the issues of improving the well-being of the local population, ensuring sustainable development, and creating new opportunities for young people. In this context, the experts emphasised the importance of coordinating efforts in trade, transport, energy, ecology, and cultural and humanitarian exchange.   Nargiza Umarova made a significant contribution to the discussion: she emphasised that only through deepening mutual understanding, expanding ties between societies and implementing joint initiatives will Central Asian countries be able to turn the region into a space of stability, prosperity, and innovation.   * The Institute for Advanced International Studies (IAIS) does not take institutional positions on any issues; the views represented herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the IAIS.